The tool is used by the machining center for cutting, and I believe everyone is already familiar with it. The continuous development of cutting tools has also driven the progress of cutting technology. With the in-depth development of advanced manufacturing technology and the strengthening of people's awareness of environmental protection, metal cutting fluids have emerged as the times require, and will promote the development of cutting technology in higher fields. We will show you how to choose the right metal cutting fluid when choosing different tools.

Metal cutting fluid, also known as coolant, plays an important role in lubricating, cooling, chip removal, rust prevention and antibacterial in the metal processing process. At the same time, the proper selection of cutting fluid also directly determines the degree of environmental damage caused by production and processing. In CNC machine tools, commonly used tool materials include high-speed steel, cemented carbide, ceramics and superhard tools.

Common tool materials

High-speed steel is high-alloy tool steel, which is synthesized by adding more metal elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, and vanadium to the steel. It has the characteristics of high hardness and strong heat resistance. The hardness is two to three times that of ordinary cemented carbide, and it can withstand high temperatures of 650 degrees Celsius without affecting cutting. Commonly used in the processing of non-ferrous metals, structural steel, cast iron, and other materials.

Cemented carbide is a powder metallurgy product, which is sintered with high hardness, refractory metal carbide, and metal binder at high temperature. Its working temperature can reach a high temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius. Although its strength and toughness are lower than those of high-speed steel, its service life is several times, or even dozens of times, that of the latter. Commonly used for machining hardened steel and other materials.

In addition to high hardness, wear-resistance and good high temperature mechanical properties, the tool made of ceramic materials has the biggest advantage of stable chemical properties, small affinity with metal, and it is not easy to stick to the metal to be processed. It can be used for high-speed, ultra-high-speed cutting and hard material cutting. Steel, cast iron, alloys and difficult-to-machine materials are often cut with ceramic tools.

Superhard materials refer to synthetic diamond, cubic boron nitride, and polycrystalline diamond, polycrystalline cubic nitride shed, etc., which are sintered with these material powders and binders. As we all know, diamond is the hardest substance in nature. Therefore, superhard materials have excellent wear resistance and are often used in high-speed cutting and processing of difficult-to-cut materials.

Selection of cutting fluid for different machining tools

Different machining tools have different properties of materials suitable for machining due to their different tool properties, so different types of cutting fluids are suitable for use.

For high-speed steel cutting tools, the heat generation is not large during medium and low-speed cutting, so it is suitable to use oil-based cutting fluid or emulsion. In high-speed cutting, due to the large heat generation, the use of water-based cutting fluid can have a good cooling effect. At this time, if an oil-based cutting fluid is used, a large amount of oil mist will be generated, which will not only pollute the environment, but also easily cause burns to the workpiece, affecting the processing quality and the service life of the tool. In addition, it is better to use extreme pressure aqueous solution or extreme pressure emulsion in rough machining, and extreme pressure emulsion or extreme pressure cutting oil is more suitable for finishing. For cemented carbide tools, since they are more sensitive to sudden heat, it is necessary to make the tool evenly heated and cooled as much as possible, otherwise, it is easy to cause chipping. Therefore, oil-based cutting fluids with mild thermal conductivity are usually used, and an appropriate amount of anti-wear additives are added. When high-speed cutting, use a large flow of cutting fluid to spray the tool to avoid uneven heating. Moreover, this method can also effectively reduce the temperature and reduce the appearance of oil mist.

Because ceramic tools and diamond tools have more prominent high temperature wear resistance than cemented carbide, dry cutting is often used. Sometimes, water-based cutting fluids with high thermal conductivity are also used to continuously and sufficiently pour the cutting zone in order to avoid excessive temperatures.

Conclusion

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